And another in my series of posts, primarily to remind myself, of hotels that I never got to stay at because of the Coronavirus. This hotel seemed effortlessly professional though, responding almost immediately to my e-mail and confirming that they’d refund the two non-refundable stays that I had booked here. This would have been my first trip to Austria, but I’ll get there soon enough no doubt and get to stay at this hotel sometime in what is hopefully the near future. I remain impressed with Accor Hotels, they’ve been marvellous in terms of offering these refunds.
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Memphis – Memphis Zoo
This post is just photos, from my visit to Memphis Zoo in January 2018. It’s a large zoo and there weren’t many people there on a weekday morning in January, so I had a quite lovely time meandering around the various areas of the zoo.
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Memphis – National Civil Rights Museum
I visited this museum in January 2018 and I had slightly feared that it might be a little bit preachy, telling people what to believe rather than engaging in the history of the civil rights movement. I had no reason to be concerned though, the museum was well curated, never tried to preach and was full of interesting and relevant exhibits in different forms whether that be video, text, artefacts or reconstructions.
I’ve posted separately about:
Room 306 is where Martin Luther King was assassinated, and it’s possible to visit a second part of the museum which is the building located opposite, from where the bullet that killed him was fired. The hotel room in what was the Lorraine Motel has been preserved and this forms one of the final parts of the museum tour, it’s quite a sudden and dramatic ending to a visit in many ways.
The room next to the bathroom where the shot was fired, showing visitors the view from where James Earl Roy fired the fatal shot. The motel can be seen clearly through the windows, which is now the main part of the museum. There is some debate about whether James Earl Roy was actually the murderer, but the museum addresses that and presents the various theories that have been raised over the years.
The bathroom, now sealed off, from where the shot was fired. There was plenty to see in the museum and I was here for just under three hours, across the two different buildings. Visiting in a January weekday also meant that there weren’t too many other people around in the museum, so it was a quiet visit.
It is fortunate that the two buildings have survived, and at times that wasn’t certain, and there was a modernisation of the museum which was completed in 2014. Memphis isn’t the wealthiest of cities and so the museum being sited here, especially given the importance of it being Martin Luther King, has at least brought some visitors to the city centre.
The museum is very well reviewed, amazingly there are just 21 one-star reviews on TripAdvisor out of the nearly 9,000 reviews that have been left. Given the sensitive topic that the museum covers, this seems to me to be a considerable achievement for the curators and some of those 21 reviews have been left in error or are just ridiculous.
And, finally, some more photos from the museum which include the replica bus that Rosa Parks sat on and the replica sanitation truck from the strike that led Martin Luther King to be in Memphis.
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Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue – Day Eleven
The Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue was first published at the end of the eighteenth century, and given that the Coronavirus crisis is giving too much time to read books, I thought I’d pick a daily word from it until I got bored…..
Baker-Kneed
This is a phrase that seems relatively common during the seventeenth and early eighteenth century and it appears frequently in newspapers and books. The dictionary gives the definition as “one whose knees knock together in walking, as if kneading dough”, in what today would I guess more commonly be referred to at knock-kneed. The knock-kneed term seems to date only from the late eighteenth century so this is perhaps when the two phrases switched in common usage.
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Memphis – Memphis Martyrs
Yellow fever decimated the city in 1878, with this sign noting those martyrs who bravely remained to try and save as many as they could. Perhaps there are similar parallels to the coronavirus today. The disease was spread by the number of river passengers who stopped off in Memphis during their journey along the Mississippi. The epidemic cost the city $200 million and killed 20,000 of its residents, but it also changed its demographics permanently. Many richer white residents moved to cities such as New Orleans and Atlanta, leaving Memphis with a predominantly black and poor white population.
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Memphis – National Civil Rights Museum (Martin Luther King’s Eulogy)
Part of the eulogy that Martin Luther King wrote on 4 February 1968, when he knew that his life was in danger. He was killed two months later, on 4 April 1968 and part of this eulogy was read out at his funeral.
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Memphis – National Civil Rights Museum (Martin Luther King’s Cell)
This is a recreation of the prison cell that Martin Luther King was placed in following his arrest for taking in part in peaceful civil rights demonstrations in Birmingham in April 1963. Whilst in his cell, he wrote what became known as the ‘Letter from Birmingham Jail’ which called for peaceful protest against the injustices of discrimination.
Much of the problem in Birmingham was Bull Connor, the city representative whose clumsy decisions accidentally brought the protests to international attention. Members of the civil rights movement knew that Connor and some other city representatives were unlikely to make coherent decisions, hence why they were keen to protest in the city, which was also heavily segregated.
Martin Luther King controversially encouraged youngsters to get involved with the campaign, similar to that with the current situation with Greta Thunberg and the environmental campaign. Connor however decided to arrest the thousand children on the march and ordered water hoses and dogs to be set on them. Martin Luther King said that evening, “Don’t worry about your children who are in jail. The eyes of the world are on Birmingham. We’re going on in spite of dogs and fire hoses. We’ve gone too far to turn back.”
President John F. Kennedy at this stage intervened as the crisis worsened and in May 1963 segregation started to end in Birmingham, or at least start to end officially. On 11 June 1963, the President made an announcement from the White House that there would be progress made on civil rights, which led to the 1964 Civil Rights Act.
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Memphis – National Civil Rights Museum (Jim Crow Today)
The museum used many different types of exhibits to explain the history of civil rights and this graphic was presented early on in the exhibition route. It is a map of where in four major cities the African American, White, Asian and Latino populations currently live. So, although the Jim Crow laws of segregation no longer exist, it’s clear that the reality on the ground is that they still have a legacy effect today.
It’s easier to see the New York map in the photo that I took, although the results are similar for the other cities which is clear segregation of blacks and whites. Latino and Asian communities tend to merge between the two, but are still often in their own defined areas of cities. In the home city of the museum, Memphis, the top right image of the four shows that there are very few areas where both communities are living in equal numbers. Much of this relates to white flight when white residents left the inner cities and moved to the suburbs, although that situation is reversing a little more now as city centres become more attractive again.
The museum didn’t overplay this graphic, but it was a reminder for visitors arriving at the museum as to how division in the United States continues today.
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Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue – Day Ten
The Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue was first published at the end of the eighteenth century, and given that the Coronavirus crisis is giving too much time to read books, I thought I’d pick a daily word from it until I got bored…..
Baker’s Dozen
The book defines this as “fourteen, that number of rolls being allowed to the purchasers of a dozen”. This is instantly intriguing because of the fourteen rather than thirteen and usually I’ll tell myself that I need to get out more, but under the current climate, that isn’t happening.
The meaning of the phrase dates back to when bakers were under a legal duty, and wanted to avoid local humiliation of being put in the stocks or worse, to ensure that they sold the right weight of bread. So, it was easier to add something extra to ensure compliance, so when selling in a larger volume to wholesalers they’d put extra bread or rolls in. Buyers of something smaller would usually be given an extra piece of bread as well, along the same principle.
So the thirteen and fourteen are both logical, bakers would put one or two extra loaves in depending on their experience at ensuring that they were compliant. It appears that during the nineteenth century the Baker’s Dozen started to be defined more as thirteen rather than fourteen, perhaps for reasons of economy. But, it’s an interesting evolution of the phrase and how meaning can shift over time.
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Croydon – Ibis Styles
I’ve stayed here before, so I do know something about this hotel and it’s one I like, albeit it’s a bit quirky. But Ibis Styles are allowed to be quirky. Anyway, this is another post in my growing series of ‘hotels that refunded my non-refundable booking because of the coronavirus’. The hotel is now closed for April when I would have been going and although they might not have been thrilled to refund, they’ve done so and so that’s another location I’ll make sure that I visit in the future to make up for their loss.
