Category: Books

The Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue was first published at the end of the eighteenth century, and given that the current health crisis is giving too much time to read books, I thought I’d pick a daily word from it until I got bored….

Gill

The dictionary defines this as “the abbreviation of Gillian, figuratively used for woman. Every jack has his gill; ie every jack has his gillian, or female mate”. The phrase of ‘every jack has his gill’ was used by Shakespeare and so is at least from the sixteenth century. It’s also where the nursery rhyme comes from, which was initially:

“Jack and Gill
Went up the hill
To fetch a pail of water
Jack fell down
And broke his crown,
And Gill came tumbling after.”

The changing of Gill into Jill came later, probably around the middle of the nineteenth century. The word ‘gill’ is also used to describe a female ferret, but quite why this name was chosen I’m not sure is known, perhaps it just fits in with Jack quite well.

The Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue was first published at the end of the eighteenth century, and given that the current health crisis is giving too much time to read books, I thought I’d pick a daily word from it until I got bored….

Garret Election

This was an event very much of its time, popular in the middle of the eighteenth century, but falling out of favour by the beginning of the nineteenth century. It was defined by the dictionary as:

“A ludicrous ceremony, practiced every new parliament: it consists of a mock election of two members to represent the borough of Garret (a few straggling cottages, near Wandsworth, in Surry [sic]); the qualification of a voter is, having enjoyed a woman in the open air within that district: the candidates are commonly fellows of low humour, who dress themselves up in a ridiculous manner. As this brings a prodigious concourse of people to Wandsworth, the publicans of that place jointly contribute to the expense, which is sometimes considerable.”

Francis Grose, not for the first time, made a spelling error in the dictionary, as it should really be a ‘Garrat election’ as it takes its name from the village of Garrat, in Wandsworth, London. Evidence of this area is still evident in Wandsworth, not least with the Garratt Tavern and Garratt Lane.

The whole thing came about when there was a real election to elect an individual to preside over the town’s small commons area. It seems some people took this a little too seriously, so others decided to mock that process with their own election. This evolved into an election that wasn’t taken at all seriously and was designed to elect an idiot. Perhaps there are modern elections that still do that, but I won’t verge into politics here.

These mock elections caused much merriment and I can imagine the entire disappointment that must have been felt by the serious local politicians in the area. There were numerous candidates for this fake post, in one year there were nine, with various random promises being made to the electors. The Globe newspaper noted that one individual elected was Sir John Dunstan, although the knighthood was fake, who “had at his command a great fund of vulgar wit, and was of an extremely grotesque and peculiar appearance”.

For a while, these elections drew thousands of people out from the centre of London to watch proceedings, which were likely drunken affairs. This is perhaps evident by the fact that inn-keepers paid some of the costs of the event, although the popularity started to wane and later attempts in the 1830s to revive the tradition failed.

The Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue was first published at the end of the eighteenth century, and given that the current health crisis is giving too much time to read books, I thought I’d pick a daily word from it until I got bored….

Gapeseed

This sounds like a word that has recently been made up, a beautiful term which is defined by the dictionary as “sights; any thing to feed the eye. I am come [sic] abroad for a little gapeseed”. More widely, it’s something which is worth seeing, something of note, or indeed, someone who is looking at such an interesting thing.

The word was first used in the late sixteenth century, combining the two words ‘gape’ and ‘seed’. ‘Gape’ is actually from the Norse word ‘gapa’ meaning a wide opening, and of a similar derivation to the word ‘gap’, which evolved into something like ‘an open-mouthed stare’ and ‘seed’ is from the Germanic word ‘saed’ meaning to sow.

It is though another word seemingly lost to the English language, now fallen out of usage.

The Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue was first published at the end of the eighteenth century, and given that the current health crisis is giving too much time to read books, I thought I’d pick a daily word from it until I got bored….

Gamon and Patter

This is defined by the dictionary as meaning “common place talk of any profession; as the gamon and patter of a horse-dealer, sailor, etc”. The phrase is more commonly known as ‘gammon and patter’ with the first word coming from ‘gammin’, meaning nonsense or partly untrue, and there’s another phrase ‘gammon and spinach’ which means the same. The second word is also interesting, it’s from ‘Paternoster’, meaning the Lord’s Prayer, which got corrupted into ‘patter’, meaning to recite, talk or babble.

The phrase has now, perhaps sadly, fallen nearly entirely out of usage over the last 150 years.

 

The Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue was first published at the end of the eighteenth century, and given that the current health crisis is giving too much time to read books, I thought I’d pick a daily word from it until I got bored….

Gallipot

This is a lovely word that I’ve heard before, but I never knew its meaning. It’s defined by the dictionary as “a nickname for an apothecary”, although today it means a small pot which is used by apothecaries and that was its original meaning as well. The word origin is thought to be middle English and around the fifteenth century, simply a combining of the words ‘galley’ and ‘pot’, with galley being in reference to the boats which brought them over from where they were produced in the Mediterranean.

There’s a Gallipot Inn in Hartfield, which is on Gallypot Street, and I rather like that pub name.

The Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue was first published at the end of the eighteenth century, and given that the current health crisis is giving too much time to read books, I thought I’d pick a daily word from it until I got bored….

Galligaskins

The dictionary defines this simply as “breeches” and although the term was meant more broadly to mean trousers, it was originally specifically the loose and wide trousers which were popular in the sixteenth to eighteenth centuries. It is suggested that the word derives from ‘grechesco’, meaning the way things are done in Greece, and apparently this style of trousers derives from the old Greek style. I’m not sure quite how this evolved into the current word, but most dictionaries seem to give the same derivation.

This is one of those words which has now fallen entirely out of usage, but it does have a rather beautiful nature to it.

The Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue was first published at the end of the eighteenth century, and given that the current health crisis is giving too much time to read books, I thought I’d pick a daily word from it until I got bored….

Galimaufrey

This hodgepodge of a word is defined by the dictionary as “a hodgepodge made up of the remnants and scraps of the larder”, something which would be familiar to many families today. It’s from the French word ‘galimafrée’, which is a stew that uses various ingredients depending on what people had available at the time.

The word is more commonly spelled as Gallimaufry and it has remained in use over the decades.

The Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue was first published at the end of the eighteenth century, and given that the current health crisis is giving too much time to read books, I thought I’d pick a daily word from it until I got bored….

Furmity (or Fromenty)

This sounds like quite a jolly word and it’s defined as “wheat boiled up to a jelly. To simper like a furmity kettle: to smile, or look merry about the gills”. I prefer the smile element to this definition although this is sadly no longer in common usage, but the culinary meaning survives to this day, usually now spelled as ‘frumenty’.

The meal was usually a dish for the poor, wheat boiled up with some milk or broth and it doesn’t sound entirely delicious, although there are now modern variations with some more exotic ingredients (not least including rum). The word comes from the Latin ‘frumentum’, meaning grain and this dish was usually the starter in medieval English feasts. I think I’d prefer a prawn cocktail to be honest….

The Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue was first published at the end of the eighteenth century, and given that the current health crisis is giving too much time to read books, I thought I’d pick a daily word from it until I got bored….

Frog’s Wine

A lot of thought was put into the definition of this word in the dictionary, it’s listed solely as “gin”. Back in the early part of the eighteenth century, gin was causing all manner of problems in society, in a similar way to how Stella exists today. A ‘gin craze’ had developed and Parliament was forced to pass a series of laws to try and control how much was being drunk, with some success as its usage had fallen by the end of the century. I’m not sure of the etymology behind ‘Frog’s Wine’, but it was a derogatory slang term.

This is all a handy excuse to use one of my favourite images, Gin Lane by William Hogarth.

The Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue was first published at the end of the eighteenth century, and given that the current health crisis is giving too much time to read books, I thought I’d pick a daily word from it until I got bored….

Frosty Face

This not very politically correct term is defined by the dictionary as meaning “one pitted with the small pox”, which also doesn’t suggest a great deal of understanding for the afflicted. The usage of this phrase has shifted since the late eighteenth century, it later became a more generic term for those with a pot-marked face, then more recently it means someone with an unfriendly or hostile look.

Even in the early part of the twentieth-century there were smallpox outbreaks in the UK, a disease that caused great fear in communities and was dangerous particularly to children. Fortunately, this is one of the diseases that has since been eradicated.